Egyptian Book of the Dead (4)
THE SPEECH OF THOTH:- Thoth, the judge of right and truth of the
Great Company of the Gods who are in the presence of Osiris, saith:
Hear ye this judgment. The heart of Osiris hath in very truth been weighed, and his Heart-soul hath borne testimony on his behalf; his heart hath been found right by the trial in the Great Balance. There hath not been found any wickedness in him; he hath not wasted the offerings which have been made in the temples; he hath not committed any evil act; and he hath not set his mouth in motion with words of evil whilst he was upon earth.
SPEECH OF THE DWELLER IN THE EMBALMMENT CHAMBER (ANUBIS):- Pay good heed, O righteous Judge to the Balance to support [the testimony] thereof. Variant: Pay good heed to the weighing in the Balance of the heart of the Osiris, the singing-woman of Amen, Anhai, whose word is truth, and place thou her heart in the seat of truth in the presence of the Great God.
THE SPEECH OF THE GODS:- The Great Company of the Gods say to Thoth who dwelleth in Khemenu: That which cometh forth from thy mouth shall be declared true. The Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true, is holy and righteous. He hath not committed any sin, and he hath done no evil against us. The devourer Am-mit shall not be permitted to prevail over him. Meat offerings and admittance into the presence of the god Osiris shall be granted unto him, together with an abiding habitation in the Field of Offerings (Sekhet-hetepet), as unto the Followers of Horus.
THE SPEECH OF HORUS TO OSIRIS IN INTRODUCING ANI TO HIM:- Horus, the son of Isis, saith: I have come to thee, O Un-Nefer, and I have brought unto thee the Osiris Ani. His heart is righteous, and it hath come forth from the Balance; it hath not sinned against any god or any goddess. Thoth hath weighed it according to the decree pronounced unto him by the Company of the Gods, and it is most true and righteous. Grant thou that cakes and ale may be given unto him, and let him appear in the presence of the god Osiris, and let him be like unto the Followers of Horus for ever and ever.
THE SPEECH OF ANI:- And the Osiris Ani saith: Behold, I am in thy presence, O Lord of Amentet. There is no sin in my body. I have not spoken that which is not true knowingly, nor have I done anything with a false heart. Grant thou that I may be like unto those favoured ones who are in thy following, and that I may be an Osiris greatly favoured of the beautiful god, and beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands, I who am a veritable royal scribe who loveth thee, Ani, whose word is true before the god Osiris.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BEAST AM-MIT:- Her forepart is like that of a crocodile, the middle of her body is like that of a lion, her hind quarters are like those of a hippopotamus.
HERE BEGIN THE PRAISES AND GLORIFYINGS OF COMING OUT FROM AND OF GOING INTO THE GLORIOUS KHERT-NETER, WHICH IS IN THE BEAUTIFUL AMENTET, OF COMING FORTH BY DAY IN ALL THE FORMS OF EXISTENCE WHICH IT MAY PLEASE THE DECEASED TO TAKE, OF PLAYING AT DRAUGHTS, OF SITTING IN THE SEH HALL, AND OF APPEARING AS A LIVING SOUL:
The Osiris the scribe Ani saith after he hath arrived in his haven
of rest- now it is good for [a man] to recite [this work whilst he is]
upon earth, for then all the words of Tem come to pass-
„I am the god Tem in rising. I am the Only One. I came into existence in Nu. I am Ra who rose in the beginning, the ruler of this [creation].“
Who is this?
„It is Ra, when at the beginning he rose in the city of Hensu, crowned like a king for his coronation. The Pillars of the god Shu were not as yet created, when he was upon the steps of him that dwelleth in Khemenu.
„I am the Great God who created himself, even Nu, who made his names to become the Company of the Gods as gods.“
Who is this?
„It is Ra, the creator of the names of his limbs, which came into being in the form of the gods who are in the train of Ra. „I am he who cannot be repulsed among the gods.“
Who is this?
„It is Temu, the dweller in his disk, but others say that it is Ra when he riseth in the eastern horizon of the sky.
„I am Yesterday, I know To-day.“
Who is this?
„Yesterday is Osiris, and To-day is Ra, when he shall destroy the enemies of Neb-er-tcher (the lord to the uttermost limit), and when he shall establish as prince and ruler his son Horus.
„Others, however, say that To-day is Ra, on the day when we commemorate the festival of the meeting of the dead Osiris with his father Ra, and when the battle of the gods was fought, in which Osiris, the Lord of Amentet, was the leader.“
What is this?
„It is Amentet, [that is to say] the creation ofthe souls of the gods when Osiris was leader in Set-Amentet.
„Others, however, say that it is the Amentet which Ra hath given unto me; when any god cometh he must rise up and fight for it. „I know the god who dwelleth therein.“
Who is this?
„It is Osiris. Others, however, say that his name is Ra, and that the god who dwelleth in Amentet is the phallus of Ra, wherewith he had union with himself.
„I am the Benu bird which is in Anu. I am the keeper of the volume of the book (the Tablet of Destiny) of the things which have been made, and of the things which shall be made.“
Who is this?
„It is Osiris.
„Others, however, say that it is the dead body of Osiris, and yet others say that it is the excrement of Osiris. The things which have been made, and the things which shall be made [refer to] the dead body of Osiris. Others again say that the things which have been made are Eternity, and the things which shall be made are Everlastingness, and that Eternity is the Day, and Everlastingness the Night. „I am the god Menu in his coming forth; may his two plumes be set on my head for me.“
Who is this?
„Menu is Horis, the Advocate of his father [Osiris], and his coming forth means his birth. The two plumes on his head are Isis and Nephthys, when these goddesses go forth and set themselves thereon, and when they act as his protectors, and when they provide that which his head lacketh.
„Others, however, say that the two plumes are the two exceedingly large uraei which are upon the head of their father Tem, and there are yet others who say that the two plumes which are upon the head of Menu are his two eyes.
„The Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true, the registrar of all the offerings which are made to the gods, riseth up and cometh into his city.“
What is this [city]?
„It is the horizon of his father Tem.
„I have made an end of my shortcomings, and I have put away my faults.“
What is this?
„It is the cutting of the navel string of the body of the Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is true before all the gods, and all his faults are driven out.
What is this ?
„It is the purification [of Osiris] on the day of his birth.
„I am purified in my great double nest which is in Hensu on the day of the offerings of the followers of the Great God who dwelleth therein.“
What is the „great double nest“?
„The name of one nest is ‚Millions of years,‘ and ‚Great Green [Sea]‘ is the name of the other, that is to say ‚Lake of Natron‘ and ‚Lake of Salt.‘
„Others, however, say the name of the one is ‚Guide of Millions of Years,‘ and that ‚Great Green Lake‘ is name of the other. Yet others say that ‚Begetter of Millions of Years‘ is the name of one, and ‚Great Green Lake‘ is the name of the other. Now, as concerning the Great God who dwelleth therein, it is Ra himself.
„I pass over the way, I know the head of the Island of Maati.“
What is this?
„It is Ra-stau, that is to say, it is the gate to the South of Nerutef, and it is the Northern Gate of the Domain (Tomb of the god). „Now, as concerning the Island of Maati, it is Abtu.
„Others, however, say that it is the way by which Father Tem travelleth when he goeth forth to Sekhet-Aaru, [the place] which produceth the food and sustenance of the gods who are [in] their shrines.
„Now the Gate Tchesert is the Gate of the Pillars of Shu, that is to say, the Northern Gate of the Tuat.
„Others, however, say that the Gate of Tchesert is the two leaves of the door through which the god Tem passeth when he goeth forth to the eastern horizon of the sky.
„O ye gods who are in the presence [of Osiris], grant to me your arms, for I am the god who shall come into being among you.“
Who are these gods?
„They are the drops of blood which came forth from the phallus of Ra when he went forth to perform his own mutilitation. These drops of blood sprang into being under the forms of the gods Hu and Sa, who are in the bodyguard of Ra, and who accompany the god Tem daily and every day.
„I, Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth, have filled for thee the utchat (the Eye of Ra, or of Horus), when it had suffered extinction on the day of the combat of the Two Fighters (Horus and Set).“
What was this combat?
It was the combat which took place on the day when Horus fought with Set, during which Set threw filth in the face of Horus, and Horus crushed the genitals of Set. The filling of the utchat Thoth performed with his own fingers.
„I remove the thunder-cloud from the sky when there is a storm with thunder and lightning therein.“
What is this?
„This storm was the raging of Ra at the thunder-cloud which [Set] sent forth against the Right Eye of Ra (the Sun). Thoth removed the thunder-cloud from the Eye of Ra, and brought back the Eye living, healthy, sound, and with no defect in it to its owner.
„Others, however, say that the thunder-cloud is caused by sickness in the Eye of Ra, which weepeth for its companion Eye (the Moon); at this time Thoth cleanseth the Right Eye of Ra.
„I behold Ra who was born yesterday from the thighs of the goddess Mehurt; his strength is my strength, and my strength is his strength.“
Who is this?
„Mehurt is the great Celestial Water, but others say that Mehurt is the image of the Eye of Ra at dawn at his birth daily.
„[Others, however, say that] Mehurt is the utchat of Ra. „Now Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth, is a very great one among the gods who are in the following of Horus; they say that he is the prince who loveth his lord.“
Who are the gods who are in the train of Horus?
„[They are] Kesta, Hapi, Taumutef, and Qebhsenuf.
„Homage to you, O ye lords of right and truth, ye sovereign princes (Tchatcha) who [stand] round about Osiris, who do away utterly sins and offences, and who are in the following of the goddess Hetepsekhus, grant ye that I may come unto you. Destroy ye all the faults which are within me, even as ye did for the Seven Spirits who are among the followers of their lord Sepa. Anpu (Anubis) appointed to them their places on the day [when he said unto them], „Come ye hither.“
Who are the „lords of right and truth“?
„The lords of right and truth are Thoth and Astes, the Lord of Amentet.
„The Tchatcha round about Osiris are Kesta, Hapi, Tuamutef, and Qebhsenuf, and they are also round about the Constellation of the Thigh (the Great Bear), in the northern sky.
„Those who do away utterly sins and offences, and who are in the following of the goddess Hetepsekhus, are the god Sebek and his associates who dwell in the water.
„The goddess Hetepsekhus is the Eye of Ra.
„Others, however, say that it is the flame which accompanieth Osiris to burn up the souls of his enemies.
„As concerning all the faults which are in Osiris, the registrar of the offerings which are made unto all the gods, Ani, whose word is truth, [these are all the offences which he hath committed against the Lords of Eternity] since he came forth from his mother‘s womb.
„As concerning the Seven Spirits who are Kesta, Hapi, Tuamutef, Qebhsenuf, Maa-atef, Kheribeqef and Heru-khenti-en-ariti, these did Anubis appoint to be protectors of the dead body of Osiris. „Others, however, say that he set them round about the holy place of Osiris.
„Others say that the Seven Spirits [which were appointed by Anubis] were Netcheh-netcheh, Aatqetqet, Nertanef-besef-khenti-hehf, Aq-her-ami-unnut-f, Tesher-ariti-ami-Het-anes, Ubes-her-per-em-khetkhet, and Maaem-kerh-annef-em-hru. „The chief of the Tchatcha (sovereign princes) who is in Naarutef is Horus, the Advocate of his father.
„As concerning the day wherein [Anubis said to the Seven Spirits], ‚Come ye hither,‘ [the allusion here] is to the words ‚Come ye hither,‘ which Ra spake unto Osiris.“
Verily may these same words be said unto me in Amentet.
„I am the Divine Soul which dwelleth in the Divine Twin-gods.“
Who is this Divine Soul?
„It is Osiris. [When] he goeth into Tetu, and findeth there the Soul of Ra, the one god embraceth the other, and two Divine Souls spring into being within the Divine Twin-gods.“
APPENDIX
(From the Papyrus of Nebseni, Brit. Mus. No. 9900, Sheet 14, ll.
16ff.)
„As concerning the Divine Twin-gods they are Heru-netch-her-tefef and Heru-khent-en-Ariti (Horus the Advocate of his father [Osiris], and Horus the sightless).
„Others say that the double Divine Soul which dwelleth in the Divine Twin-gods is the Soul of Ra and the Soul of Osiris, and yet others say that it is the Soul which dwelleth in Shu, and the Sould which dwelleth in Tefnut, and that these two Souls form the double Divine Soul which dwelleth in Tetu.
„I am the Cat which fought near the Persea Tree in Anu on the night when the foes of Neb-er-tcher were destroyed.“
Who is this Cat?
„This male Cat is Ra himself, and he was called ‚Mau‘ because of the speech of the god Sa, who said concerning him: ‚He is like (mau) unto that which he hath made‘; therefore, did the name of Ra become ‚Mau.‘
„Others, however, say that the male Cat is the god Shu, who made over the possessions of Keb to Osiris.
„As concerning the fight which took place near the Persea Tree in Anu [these words have reference to the slaughter] of the children of rebellion, when righteous retribution was meted out to them for [the evil] which they had done.
„As concerning the ‚night of the battle,‘ [these words refer to] the invasion of the eastern portion of the heaven by the children of rebellion, whereupon a great battle arose in heaven and in all the earth.
„O thou who art in thine egg (Ra,) who showest from thy Disk, who risest on thy horizon, and dost shine with golden beams in the height of heaven, like unto whom there is none among the gods, who sailest above the Pillars of Shu, who sendest forth blasts of fire from thy mouth, [who illuminest the Two Lands with thy splendour, deliver] thou Nebseni, the lord of fealty [to Osiris], from the god whose form is hidden, and whose eyebrows are like unto the two arms of the Balance on the night when the sentences of doom are promulgated.“
Who is this invisible god?
„It is An-a-f (he who bringeth his arm.).
„As concerning ‚the night when the sentences of doom are promulgated,‘ it is the night of the burning of the damned, and of the overthrow of the wicked at the Block, and of the slaughter of souls.“
Who is this [slaughterer of souls]?
„It is Shesmu, the headsman of Osiris.
„[Concerning the invisible god] some say that he is Aapep when he riseth up with a head bearing upon it [the feather of] Maat (Truth). But others say that he is Horus when he riseth up with two heads, whereon one beareth [the feather of] Maat, and the other [the symbol of] wickedness. He bestoweth wickedness on him that worketh wickedness, and right and truth upon him that followeth righteousness and truth.
„Others say that he is Heru-ur (the Old Horus), who dwelleth in Sekhem; others say that he is Thoth; others say that he is Nefer-Tem; and others say that he is Sept who doth bring to nought the acts of the foes of Nebertcher.
„Deliver thou the scribe Nebseni, whose word is truth, from the Watchers, who carry murderous knives, who possess cruel fingers, and who would slay those who are in the following of Osiris.“ May these Watchers never gain the mastery over me, and may I never fall under their knives!
Who are these Watchers?
„They are Anubis and Horus, [the latter being] in the form of Horus the sightless. Others, however, say that they are the Tchatcha (sovereign princes of Osiris), who bring to nought the operations of their knives; and others say that they are the chiefs of the Sheniu chamber.
„May their knives never gain the mastery over me. May I never fall under the knives wherewith they inflict cruel tortures. For I know their names, and I know the being, Matchet, who is among them in the House of Osiris. He shooteth forth rays of light from his eye, being himself invisible, and he goeth round about heaven robed in the flames which come from his mouth, commanding Hapi, but remaining invisible himself. May I be strong on earth before Ra, may I arrive safely in the presence of Osiris. O ye who preside over your altars, let not your offerings to me be wanting, for I am one of those who follow after Nebertcher, according to the writings of Khepera. Let me fly like a hawk, let me cackle like a goose, let me lay always like the serpent-goddess Neheb-ka.“
Who are those who preside over their altars?
„Those who preside over their altars are the similitude of the Eye of Ra, and the similitude of the Eye of Horus.
„O Ra-Tem, thou Lord of the Great House [in Anu], thou Sovereign (life, strentgh, health [be to thee]) of all the gods, deliver thou the scribe Nebseni, whose word is truth, from the god whose face is like unto that of a greyhound, whose brows are like those of a man, who feedeth upon the dead, who watcheth at the Bend of the Lake of Fire, who devoureth the bodies of the dead, and swalloweth hearts, and who voideth filth, but who himself remaineth unseen.“
Who is this greyhound-faced god?
„His name is ‚Everlasting Devourer,‘ and he liveth in the Domain [of Fire] (the Lake of Unt).
„As concerning the Domain of Fire, it is that Aat which is in Naarutef, and is near the Sheniu chamber. The sinner who walketh over this place falleth down among the knives [of the Watchers]. „Others, however, say that the name of this god is ‚Mates,‘ and that he keepeth watch over the door of Amentet; others say that his name is ‚Beba,‘ and that he keepeth watch over the Bend [of the stream] of Amentet, and yet others say that his name is ‚Herisepef.‘ „Hail, Lord of Terror, Chief of the Lands of the South and North, thou Lord of the Desert, who dost keep prepared the block of slaughter, and who dost feed on the intestines [of men]!“
Who is this Lord of Terror?
„It is the Keeper of the Bend [of the stream] of Amentet.“
Who is this Keeper?
„It is the Heart of Osiris, which is the devourer of all slaughtered things.
„The Urrt Crown hath been given unto him, with gladness of heart, as Lord of Hensu.“
Who is this?
„He to whom the Urrt Crown hath been given with gladness of heart as Lord of Hensu is Osiris. He was bidden to rule among the gods on the day of the union of earth [with earth] in the presence of Nebertcher.“
Who is this?
„He who was bidden to rule among the gods is the son of Isis (Horus), who was appointed to rule in the room of his father Osiris. „As concerning [the words] ‚day of the union of earth with earth,‘ they have reference to the union of earth with earth in the coffin of Osiris, the Soul that liveth in Hensu, the giver of meat and drink, the destroyer of wrong, and the guide to the everlasting paths.“
Who is this?
„It is Ra himself.“
„[Deliver thou the Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth] from the great god who carrrieth away souls, who eateth hearts, who feedeth upon offal, who keepeth watch in the darkness, who dwelleth in the Seker Boat; those who live in sin fear him.“
Who is this?
„It is Suti, but others say that it is Smamur, the soul of Keb. „Hail, Khepera in thy boat, the two Companies of the Gods are in thy body. Deliver thou the Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth, from the Watchers who pass sentences of doom, who have been appointed by the god Nebertcher to protect him, and to fasten the fetters on his foes, and who slaughter in the torture chambers; there is no escape from their fingers. May they never stab me with their knives, may I never fall helpless into their chambers of torture. I have never done the things which the gods hate. I am he who is pure in the Mesqet chamber. And saffron cakes have been brought unto him in Tannt.“
Who is this?
„It is Khepera in his boat; it is Ra himself.
„As concerning the Watchers who pass sentences of doom, they are the Apes Isis and Nephthys.
„As concerning the things which the gods hate, they are acts of deceit and lying. He who passeth through the place of purification within the Mesqet chamber is Anpu (Anubis), who is hard by the coffer which containeth the inward parts of Osiris. He to whom saffron cakes have been brought in Tannt is Osiris.
„Others, however, say that the saffron cakes in Tannt represent heaven and earth, and others say that they represent Shu, the strengthener of the Two Lands in Hensu; and others say that they represent the Eye of Horus, and that Tannt is the burial-place of Osiris.
„Tem hath builded thy house, and the double Lion-god hath laid the foundations of thy habitation. Lo! medicaments have been brought. Horus purifieth Set and Set strengtheneth, and Set purifieth and Horus strengtheneth.
„The Osiris the scribe Ani, whose word is truth before Osiris, hath come into this land, and he hath taken possession thereof with his two feet. He is Tem, and he is in the city.
„Turn thou back, O Rehu, whose mouth shineth, whose head moveth, turn thou back before his strength.“ Another reading is, ‚Turn thou back from him who keepeth watch, and is himself unseen.‘ Let the Osiris Ani be safely guarded. He is Isis, and he is found with her hair spread over him; it is shaken out over his brow. He was conceived by Isis, and engendered by Nephthys, and they have cut away from him the things which should be cut from him.
„Fear followeth after thee, terror is about thine arms. Thou hast been embraced for millions of years by arms; mortals go round about thee. Thou smitest down the mediators of thy foes, and thou seizest the arms of the power of darkness. Thy two sisters (Isis and Nephthys) are given to thee for thy delight. Thou hast created that which is in Kher-aha, and that which is Anu. Every god feareth thee, for thou art exceedingly great and terrible; thou [avengest] every god on the man who curseth him, and thou shootest arrows at him. Thou livest according to thy will. Thou art Uatchet, the Lady of Flame, evil befalleth those who set themselves up against thee.“
What is this?
„‘Hidden in form, given of Menhu,‘ is the name of the „tomb. ‚He who seeth what is on his hand‘ is the name of Qerau, or, as others say, it is the name of the Block.
„Now, he whose mouth shineth and whose head moveth is the phallus of Osiris, but others say it is [the phallus] of Ra. ‚Thou spreadest thy hair, and I shake it out over his brow“ is said concerning Isis, who hideth in her hair, and draweth it round about her.
„Uatchet, the Lady of Flames, is the Eye of Ra.“